Today the world has entered the 21st century and it has shown the world a vast difference as
compared to the earlier eras. Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the application of mental and physical efforts in order to achieve some values.Technology refers to the tool and machines that may be used to solve real world problems. It is a far reaching term that may include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more and more complex machines, such as space stations.Tools and machines need not be material but the virtual technology, such as computer software and business methods,fall under this definitions of technology.The word technology can also be used to refer to a collection of techniques. In this context, it is the current state of humanity's knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products to solve the problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy wants: it includes technical methods, skills processes,techniques,tools and raw materials. When combined with another term such as "medical technology" or "space technology" it refers to the state of the respective fields knowledge and tools. "State of the art 'refers to the high technology available to humanity in any field.Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or change culture.Technology is the application of math ,science and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known.A modern example is the rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interactions. Life seems to be full of excitement and relief due to these technologies. There is saving of time due to use of these techniques and also the work seems to be completed fast and attractive. Living Standard of the people has raised up due to these technologies. So, we should use them properly and should be thankful to those who have made our life so comfortable that we can live tension free. Misuse of the technologies can lead to the destruction of the invention as well as civilization but proper utilization can lead to the development of the country and increase in the status of living in the society.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Introduction toTechnologies
For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled.
Laser Technology
The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom
Science and technology has provided us numerous miraculous discoveries 
and devices. Lasers are its most modern achievements. Lasers are defined as the devices which produce pure and intense beams of light or radiation. They were invented in 1960. At the time of invention ,nobody knew what to do with them but today they are widely used in many sectors tremendously. Especially in the field of industry they are used for cutting clothes,piercing leather and even hard substances like diamond and metals also are used for cutting bricks and granites. They are also used in transport and communication:for example,they are used instead of cables in telecommunication, and are used in flight simulations to train pilots. In the field of medicine,lasers have made revolution. Lasers are used to destroy the single cell of living tissues in the treatment of cancer. Doctors have been using lasers instead of surgical knives in major operations. Skin blemishes can been removed by the help of lasers. Lasers helps to control pollution.They
are useful for measuring the size of pollutant particle in the air. They can also be useful for clearing up oil slicks on the surface on the seas. They can also be useful for measuring the distance between the two useful objects such as between earth and moon. Thus it can be said they they are useful in the field of medicine,pollution control and measurement.Because of the advantages mentioned above lasers are completely beneficial.Unfortunately, lasers can be used in the means of wars. It is just misuse of them. They can be mercilessly used to kill human beings: that's why they are also called "Death Rays". In the wars they are used in guiding missiles and finding range for gunners. It is the exploitation of lasers,and in this sense, they invite demerits and ruins. But if properly used , they can bring development in the human civilization. It is wise of human beings not to invite any collision courses of human civilization.
and devices. Lasers are its most modern achievements. Lasers are defined as the devices which produce pure and intense beams of light or radiation. They were invented in 1960. At the time of invention ,nobody knew what to do with them but today they are widely used in many sectors tremendously. Especially in the field of industry they are used for cutting clothes,piercing leather and even hard substances like diamond and metals also are used for cutting bricks and granites. They are also used in transport and communication:for example,they are used instead of cables in telecommunication, and are used in flight simulations to train pilots. In the field of medicine,lasers have made revolution. Lasers are used to destroy the single cell of living tissues in the treatment of cancer. Doctors have been using lasers instead of surgical knives in major operations. Skin blemishes can been removed by the help of lasers. Lasers helps to control pollution.They are useful for measuring the size of pollutant particle in the air. They can also be useful for clearing up oil slicks on the surface on the seas. They can also be useful for measuring the distance between the two useful objects such as between earth and moon. Thus it can be said they they are useful in the field of medicine,pollution control and measurement.Because of the advantages mentioned above lasers are completely beneficial.Unfortunately, lasers can be used in the means of wars. It is just misuse of them. They can be mercilessly used to kill human beings: that's why they are also called "Death Rays". In the wars they are used in guiding missiles and finding range for gunners. It is the exploitation of lasers,and in this sense, they invite demerits and ruins. But if properly used , they can bring development in the human civilization. It is wise of human beings not to invite any collision courses of human civilization.Thursday, September 10, 2009
Cyclotron
Earnest Lawrence, of the University of California, Berkeley, is credited with the development of the cyclotron in 1929. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator. Cyclotrons accelerate charged particles using a high-frequency, alternating voltage (potential difference). A perpendicular magnetic field causes the particles to spiral almost in a circle so that they re-encounter the accelerating voltage many times.- Working of Cyclotron
A cyclotron consists of two D-shaped regions known as dees. In each dee there is a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the page. There is a uniform electric field point
ing from one dee to the other in the gap separating the dees. The electric field accelerates the charge released from rest in the gap and carried into one of the dees. The magnetic field in the dee causes the charge to follow a half-circle that carries it back to the gap.While the charge is in the dee the electric field in the gap is reversed, so the charge is once again accelerated across the gap. The cycle continues with the magnetic field in the dees continually bringing the charge back to the gap. Every time the charge crosses the gap it picks up speed. This causes the half-circles in the dees to increase in radius, and eventually the charge emerges from the cyclotron at high speed.
ing from one dee to the other in the gap separating the dees. The electric field accelerates the charge released from rest in the gap and carried into one of the dees. The magnetic field in the dee causes the charge to follow a half-circle that carries it back to the gap.While the charge is in the dee the electric field in the gap is reversed, so the charge is once again accelerated across the gap. The cycle continues with the magnetic field in the dees continually bringing the charge back to the gap. Every time the charge crosses the gap it picks up speed. This causes the half-circles in the dees to increase in radius, and eventually the charge emerges from the cyclotron at high speed. Problems solved by the cyclotron
The cyclotron is an improvement of the linear accelerator . A linear accelerator accelerates particles in a straight line, through evacuated tubes. A series of cylindrical electrodes in the tubes switch from positive to negative voltage. To accommodate the low frequency, or more stages were required to compensate for the low power at each stage.
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Faster particles required longer accelerators than scientists could afford. Later linear accelerators could use high power klystrons and other devices imparting much more power at higher frequencies, but before these devices existed, the cyclotron was cheaper.
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Cyclotrons accelerate particles in a circular path. Therefore, a compact accelerator can contain much more distance than a linear accelerator, with more opportunities to accelerate the particles.
Advantages of the cyclotronCyclotrons have a single electrical driver, which saves both money and power, since more expense may be allocated to increasing efficiency.
Cyclotrons produce a continuous stream of particles at the target, so the average power is relatively high.
- The compactness of the device reduces other costs, such as its foundations, radiation shielding, and the enclosing building.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
Science & Technology
However far modern science and technic have fallen short of their inherent possibilities, They have taught mankind at least one lesson: Nothing is impossible.
Science has discovered and invented many facts and devices .The gifts of science are called scientific discoveries. Science has given us many means of transportation and communication. Like buses, cars, planes, rockets etc are the modern means of transportation
and radio, television, telephones, mobiles are used in the field of communication. Similarly,there are ample scientific devices used in different spheres of human activities. Present time is known as scientific era. Many means of scientific discoveries are widely used in various fields. They have changed the mode of our life .We human beings are used to using them in our daily life. Scientific Discoveries should be used properly else they will have good as well as bad impacts. If they are used properly then they can be much beneficial for us as we can do our work quickly,comfortably and well. For instance,we can travel the world in 24 hours by modern planes.Many diseases were uprooted by using modern equipment and medicines. We can exchange our ideas and messages quickly using communication facilities. Scientific discoveries can even have negative effects if they are misused. Misuse of them leads us to failure and destruction.For example, if planes and rockets are used as the means of wars they certainly invite bad results.Some terrifying discoveries such as atom bombs, fighters etc cause destruction of human civilization. Tremendous use of scientific discoveries certainly invites environmental pollutions. Moreover, the gravity of prevailing pollutions get intensified due to the numerous scientific discoveries and devices. Therefore, they should be properly utilized to enhance the prosperity and dignity of human civilization and achievement.
Present era smiles because of the facilities and devices provided by science and technology.
and radio, television, telephones, mobiles are used in the field of communication. Similarly,there are ample scientific devices used in different spheres of human activities. Present time is known as scientific era. Many means of scientific discoveries are widely used in various fields. They have changed the mode of our life .We human beings are used to using them in our daily life. Scientific Discoveries should be used properly else they will have good as well as bad impacts. If they are used properly then they can be much beneficial for us as we can do our work quickly,comfortably and well. For instance,we can travel the world in 24 hours by modern planes.Many diseases were uprooted by using modern equipment and medicines. We can exchange our ideas and messages quickly using communication facilities. Scientific discoveries can even have negative effects if they are misused. Misuse of them leads us to failure and destruction.For example, if planes and rockets are used as the means of wars they certainly invite bad results.Some terrifying discoveries such as atom bombs, fighters etc cause destruction of human civilization. Tremendous use of scientific discoveries certainly invites environmental pollutions. Moreover, the gravity of prevailing pollutions get intensified due to the numerous scientific discoveries and devices. Therefore, they should be properly utilized to enhance the prosperity and dignity of human civilization and achievement.
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